Sarmad Rehan and Anas Sarwar Qureshi
Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
ABSTRACT
Morphometric evaluation of the heart, kidneys and adrenal glands is critical in the determination of etiology and pathogenesis of different diseases especially related to cardiovascular system in domestic animals as well as in human beings. In this study the heart, kidneys and the adrenal glands of 26 dromedary camels, aged between 30 to 36 months were studied gross anatomically. All organs were weighed with the help of an electrical weighing balance whereas length, width and circumference were measured with measuring tape. Thickness of wall of the heart was measured using Vernier caliper. Shape of the heart was cone like; the coronary and longitudnal grooves were filled with white fat. Means±SEM of the gross anatomical parameters estimated were: heart weight: 1136.53 ± 53.1g; heart length from base to apex: 19.54 ± 0.44 cm; heart width: 14.59 ± 0.28 cm; coronary heart circumference: 36.33 ± 0.57 cm; thickness of right atrial wall: 0.52 ± 0.04 cm; thickness of left atrial wall: 0.51± 0.03 cm; thickness of the right ventricular wall: 0.83 ± 0.05 cm; thickness of the left ventricular wall: 1.95 ± 0.08 cm. Parameters related to kidneys gave following values: weight of left kidney: 683.5± 36 g; renal length: 15.04 ± 0.33 cm; renal width: 10.75 ± 0.24 cm; renal circumference (around the poles of kidney): 25.41 ± 0.48 cm; diameter of cortex: 1.26 ± 0.05 cm; diameter of medulla: 4.12 ± 0.11 cm; weight of right kidney: 725.61± 40 g; renal length: 15.54 ± 0.35 cm; renal width: 10.98 ± 0.27 cm; renal circumference of left kidney: 25.93 ± 0.52 cm; thickness of cortex: 1.35 ± 0.04 cm; thickness of medulla: 4.43 ± 0.1 cm; averages ±SEM recorded with regard to adrenal glands were: weight of left adrenal gland: 16.58 ± 0.8g, length: 5.15 ± 0.22 cm, width: 3.33 ± 0.13 cm. Weight of right adrenal gland: 18.97 ± 0.8 g; length: 5.81 ± 0.19 cm and width of right adrenal gland was found to be 3.84 ± 0.11 cm. Considering these values, dromedary camel, appears to have better developed these organs than other ruminant species to cope up the stresses of the harsh climate.
Key words: Adrenal glands, camel calves, heart, kidneys, morphometry
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