Ahmed Ali1,2, Derar R. Derar1,2 and Tariq I. Almundarij1
1Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University,
P.O. Box 6622, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia
2Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
ABSTRACT
This review discusses the most common infertility-related reproductive disorders in female dromedaries. Four major categories are identified, namely, congenital, functional, pathological and management disorders. Congenital causes comprise ovarian agenesis, mesonephric duct segmental aplasia, endometrial agenesis, double cervix/vagina, imperforated hymen, vulvar atresia, and intersex. Functional causes cover ovarian inactivity, overgrown follicle, and ovulation failure. Pathological causes include ovarian hydrobursitis, hydrosalpinx and pyosalpinx, clinical and subclinical endometritis, hydrometra and pyometra, vaginal and cervical adhesions, and neoplasms. Management causes involve mating errors, use of traditional management systems, improper herder/camel ratio, and inadequate managerial experience. Pathological lesions and management errors are the main causes of female camel infertility. There are several effective protocols for the treatment of endometritis that offer a resilient prognosis. Ovarian hydrobursitis and vaginal adhesion are serious conditions and require appropriate preventive measures because treatment procedures are difficult and the prognosis poor. Enhanced management practices are essential in order to increase the reproductive efficiency of dromedary herds.
Key words: Dromedary female, endometritis, infertility, ovarian hydrobursitis, vaginal adhesion
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