Camels and Camelids

COMPARATIVE GENOMIC ORGANISATION OF CAMEL BETA CASEIN GENE PROMOTER: A COMPUTATIONAL GENE REGULATION STUDY

Journal Edition: June 2008
Article DOI:
Published On: 11-10-2018 07:03

S.K. Bhure1, S.C. Mehta2 and S. Raghvendar3
1Project Directorate on Animal Disease Monitoring and Surveillance, Hebbal, Bangalore- 560 024, Karnataka, India
2National Research Centre on Camel, Bikaner 334 001, Rajasthan, India
3Immunology Department, College of Biotechnology, Sardar Patel University of Agriculture and Technology,
Meerut, U.P.-250110, India


ABSTRACT


Camel milk proteins have pronounced differences in quantitative distribution of caseins as compared with other species. We have analysed the structural organisation of β-CSNGP 5’-flanking sequences of camel, bovine and porcine species. The camel β-CSNGP comprised of 1763bp of 5’-flanking region and 36bp of exon I sequence. The regulatory elements are distributed in 4 clusters between -1270 to -961,
- 892 to – 650, -523 to -230 and -152 to -11. The basal promoter showed the presence of TATA box, CAAT box, binding motifs for Oct 1, Oct 2, Oct 4, AP2, GR half, YY1, C/EBP and MGF/STAT5. The promoter had insertional sequences which are shown to be the binding sites for C/EBP and PRL. A camel β-casein enhancer region at -1762 to -1371 showed presence of transcription factor binding motifs for C/EBP, MGF/STAT5, GR half, Oct2, Oct3, AP1 and SP1. The overall comparison of structural organisation of camel β-CSNGP for key regulatory elements such as GR half, YY1, Oct1, Oct2, Oct3 and SP1 showed presence of multiple number of each transcription factor binding motif as compared to bovine species that may be resulting in higher expression of β-CSN gene in camel. The striking difference has been the clustering of 6 GR halves in porcine β-CSNGP and 6 YY1 motifs in camel β-CSNGP clearly suggested that prolactin and glucocorticoid with their co-activators of transcription play a key regulatory role in over expression of β-CSN in camel and porcine species, respectively. These findings facilitate the transgenic researchers to concentrate and simplify their experiment targeting few key regulatory elements.
Key words: Camel, gene regulation, glucocorticoid, prolactin, transcription factor binding motifs,β-casein gene promoter (β-CSNGP)